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Applying Luhmann to Translation Studies 4
Sergey Tyulenev 4
Contents 11
Figures 13
Tables 15
Acknowledgments 17
Introduction 19
Part I System 61
1 Autopoiesis of Translation 63
1.1. DON QUIXOTE’S PRAXIS AND MATURANA’S POIESIS 63
1.2. FREE FROM THE IRON MAIDEN’S EMBRACE 66
1.3. MACHINES WITH CIRCULAR CLOSURES 68
1.4. LUHMANN AND AUTOPOIESIS 74
1.5. PHLEGRA: A SHOCKING RUPTURE 76
1.6. A SYSTEM, OR NOT A SYSTEM-THAT IS THE QUESTION... 79
1.6.1. In Search of an Ordometer 81
1.6.2. Self-Bounded 87
1.6.3. Self-Generating 93
1.6.4. Self-Perpetuating 95
1.6.5. Allopoietic or Autopoietic? 97
2 Properties of Translation Qua System 100
2.1. THE STATE OF THE ART 100
2.2. LEVELS OF DESCRIPTION 117
2.2.1. System/Environment 123
2.2.2. System/System 129
2.2.3. System/Subsystem 131
2.3. MEDIATION 133
2.3.1. Mediation vs. Exchange 133
2.3.2. Mediation as Translation 137
2.3.3. Other Hypostases of Mediation 145
2.4. Elements, Relations, and Components 150
2.5. ACTORS AND ACTIVITY 159
2.6. STRUCTURAL COUPLINGS AND INTERPENETRATION 161
3 First- and Second-Order Observations 164
3.1. CONSTRUCTING TRANSLATION’S OBSERVATION 164
3.2. OBSERVATION 167
3.2.1. Observation for Re-entry 169
3.2.2. Self-Observation 169
3.2.3. First- and Second-Order Observations 171
3.2.4. Evolution: From the First to the Second Order 173
4 Medium and Forms 176
4.1. E PLURIBUS UNUM 176
4.2. CIRCULATING MEDIUM AND POPPING UP FORMS 179
4.3. SO, “WHY?” 186
4.3.1. Social Glue and Translational Behavior 187
4.3.2. How the Serpent Translates Eve 193
4.3.3. (N)either Sources (n)or Targets 205
4.4. SELFISH TRANSLATION 216
4.5. SEAS AND WAVES 221
4.6. HOAXES FROM A CURIOSITY SHOP? 226
4.7. METAMORPHOSES, CLUSTERS, AND RELATIONSHIPS 228
5 Code and Programs 235
5.1. THE MUSE OF SOCIETY 235
5.2. REQUIREMENTS AND FULFILLMENTS 240
5.2.1. Functionality 242
5.2.2. Completeness 244
5.2.3. Selectivity 244
5.2.4. Informativity 246
5.2.5. Preferentiality 248
5.2.6. Fine-tuning Programs 248
5.3. TRANSLATION AND MEDICINE 250
Part II Subsystem 261
6 Subsystem/System 263
6.1. THE FORM ‘SYSTEM/ENVIRONMENT’ 263
6.2. SOCIAL CATALYST 264
6.2.1. Elements and Relations in Social Systems 265
6.2.2. Translation in Social Systems 267
6.2.3. Social Catalysis 270
6.2.4. Translation as Catalyst 272
6.2.5. Properties of Catalysis 274
6.2.5.5. From Poisons to Constraints 280
6.2.5.6. Activity, Selectivity, Stability, Regenerability 282
7 A Boundary Phenomenon 287
7.1. MEMBRANES, SKINS, WALLS AND DOORS, BUT NOT ONLY 287
7.3. OR, PERHAPS, DATUR? 292
7.3.1. Chinese Boxes or Matryoshka Dolls 294
7.3.2. Klein Bottles Full of Re-entries, or Trinities 298
8 Translation in System’s Evolution 306
8.1. LOSING PARADISE 309
8.2. REGAINING PARADISE 317
8.3. TWO IN ONE: PRO AND CONTRA 321
9 Power, Collective Action, and Translation 326
9.1. COLLECTIVE ACTION 326
9.2. MEANING-FULL TRANSLATION 328
9.3. TRANSLATION WANTED 333
9.3.1. Midwifery and Blood Infusion 333
9.3.2. IN THE CORRIDORS OF POWER 335
10 Throughput 354
10.1. SHUTTLING ‘GOODS’ 354
10.2. TRANSLATION AND THE TWO SIDES 359
10.3. CONDENSATION, OR AN ILLUSION OF TRANSLATION 361
10.4. THE WAY OF ALL TRANSLATION 365
10.5. SUPER-FORM 367
10.6. COSMOPOLITE 369
Conclusion 372
Notes 404
Bibliography 406
Glossary of Key SST Terms 429
Index 443