Dane szczegółowe książki

Foreword ix
Acknowledgments xiii
The Research Project and Team xv
1. Regional Integration Agreements 1
Introduction 1
This Report 5
2. Politics and Policymaking 11
Introduction 11
2.1 Integration for Security 12
2.2 Integration for Bargaining Power 17
2.3 Project Cooperation 21
2.4 Integration for Lock-in to Reform 22
2.5 Lobbying for Integration 26
2.6 Conclusion: So...Integration Is Political
29
28
Economic Benefits and Costs
Introduction 29
3.1 Competition and Scale 30
3.2 Trade and Location: The Pattern of Trade 39
3.3 Trade and Location: Convergence or Divergence? 51
3.4 Conclusion 61
Policy Choices 63
Introduction 63
4.1 Partners: With Whom? 64
4.2 External Trade Policy: How Much Preference? 73
4.3 How Deep? 79
4.4 How Wide? 85
4.5 Conclusion 90
CONTENTS
5. Trade Blocs and the World Trading System 93
Introduction 93
5.1 How RIAs Set External Tariffs 94
5.2 The Dynamics of Regionalism 96
5.3 Regionalism and Multilateral Trade Negotiations 101
5.4 Regionalism and the WTO 106
5.5 The Rules for RIAs 108
5.6 Post-Seattle 115
5.7 Conclusion 117
Appendix I: WTO Provisions on Regional Integration Arrangements
(Extracts) 118
6. Conclusion: Tell Me the Truth about Trade Blocs 123
Trade blocs are political... 123
The politically feasible alternative to a costly trade bloc is probably a
better-designed bloc... 124
So how does a trade bloc affect people, especially the poorest? 125
I'm the minister of trade. What bloc design should I choose? 128
Which countries should I take as partners? 128
How many blocs should I join? 129
How much preference should I give? 130
Should I press for a common external tariff? 130
How deep should I take liberalization? 130
How wide should I let negotiations range? 131
I went to Seattle. How can I use the WTO more effectively? 131
Bibliography 133
Boxes
1.1 Recent Regional Integration Agreements 3
3.1 The Single Market Program 35
3.2 Production Networks 60
Figures
1.1 Notifications to GATT and WTO of Regional Integration Agreements,
1949-98 2
3.1 United States Export Prices to Brazil and Rest of World 36
3.2 Republic of Korea Export Prices to Brazil and Rest of World 36
3.3 Mexican Foreign Direct Investment, Net Inflows 38
3.4 Intra-RIA Imports as Share of GDP 46
3.5 Extra-RIA Imports as Share of GDP 46
3.6 Ratio of Intra-RIA Imports over Extra-RIA Imports 46
3.7a RIAs Trade within and across Borders: Evidence of Diversion 48
3.7b RIA's Trade within and across Borders: No Evidence of
Diversion 49
3.S
3.1
3.1
4.1
4.;
Ta
1.1
4.]
VI
CONTENTS
nents
23
.bly a
125
128
3.8 Incomes Converge as EEC Integrates 52
3.9 CACM, Formed in 1960, Manufactures Value Added 53
3.10 CEAO, Formed in 1974, Manufacturing Value Added 54
3.11 Convergence and Divergence of Real Incomes 55
4.1 Intra-RIA Exports as a Share of the RIA's Total Exports 65
4.2 Regional Organizations in Southern and Eastern Africa 71
Tables
1.1 Membership of Selected Major Regional Integration Agreements
(RIAs) and Date of Formation 4
3.1 MERCOSUR: Net Inflows of Foreign Direct Investment 38
3.2 Customs Revenue Collected as a Percent ofTotal Government Revenue
in 1996 and the Implications of a Free Trade Area for SADC
Members 45
4.1 Pluses and Minuses of Hypothetical RIAs 66
131